Analysis of the Factors Affecting Women’s Security in Urban Parks: Case Study of Shiraz Azadi Park

Abstract

Women, as nearly half of the urban population, are particularly sensitive to security concerns in public spaces. Understanding their perceptions of crime in urban areas is essential for shaping safer environments. This study explores the characteristics of urban open spaces that either enhance security or create conditions that may foster crime, specifically from the perspective of women. Given their frequent presence in such spaces, parks hold particular significance in this regard. Shiraz Azadi Park was selected as a case study, with research conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection involved surveys, interviews, field observations, and mental mapping. The findings indicate that women's sense of security in urban parks is influenced by a combination of physical, functional, social, and perceptual-visual factors. The physical environment plays a crucial role, with elements such as green space density, the absence of secluded areas, clear territorial boundaries, and the presence of signage contributing to a sense of safety. Functionality is also key, with 24-hour accessibility, well-placed entrances and exits, and effective wayfinding enhancing security. Social dynamics, including artificial surveillance, the park’s reputation, and the level of male dominance in the space, further shape women’s perceptions of safety. Additionally, visual and perceptual aspects, such as clear sightlines, adequate nighttime lighting, simplicity in design, and overall physical security measures, play a significant role in fostering a sense of comfort and confidence in the space. By understanding these factors, urban planners and policymakers can work toward creating safer and more inclusive public spaces that better accommodate the needs and concerns of women.