The Three-Factor Model and Skills for Employability

Abstract

This study examines the evolving landscape of employability skills in the context of technological revolution 5.0 and the increasing integration of artificial intelligence in the workplace. Conducted in collaboration with the ADECCO Group and the Talent Research Group at San Pablo CEU University of Madrid, the research underscores the necessity for workers to develop new competencies and adapt to shifting job requirements. The study highlights the significance of both technical and soft skills, particularly socio-emotional competencies such as resilience, flexibility, and lifelong learning, in addition to cognitive and academic skills. The research methodology involved a comprehensive survey of 7,034 workers across diverse professional profiles and sectors, assessing 11 key competencies through a validated questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, incorporating both descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques, with a particular emphasis on exploratory factor analysis to identify latent factors that account for variations in competency profiles. The results revealed three principal factors that significantly contribute to employability: general skills, socio-emotional skills, and cognitive or academic skills. The study concludes that a systemic approach involving educational institutions, businesses, and other stakeholders is crucial to bridging the gap between the skills demanded by the labor market and those possessed by graduates. The findings emphasize the need for universities to align their curricula with the evolving demands of employers, ensuring that graduates acquire the competencies necessary for success in a dynamic job market. This research offers valuable insights for the development of targeted training programs aimed at enhancing the employability of future professionals.