Legal Politics of Preservation of Borobudur Temple As A World Cultural Heritage

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal politics behind the preservation of Borobudur Temple as a World Cultural Heritage site. Recognized by UNESCO in 1991, Borobudur Temple holds significant historical, architectural, and spiritual value and serves as a vital asset for Indonesian tourism. However, its sustainability faces various threats, including physical damage due to natural and human factors, as well as pressures from unsustainable tourism practices. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this research examines the national legal framework (particularly Law No. 11 of 2010) and international regulations (the UNESCO Convention of 1972) governing the temple’s preservation. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal frameworks and various government-led programs, policy implementation still encounters significant challenges. These include limited budget and human resources, low public awareness, and the negative impacts of commercialization and mass tourism. The study emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach involving the government, local communities, non-governmental organizations, and international stakeholders. Active community participation through empowerment and education programs is deemed crucial to foster a sense of ownership and responsibility. In conclusion, the study offers recommendations to increase budget allocation, utilize modern technology for monitoring, strengthen regulations, and develop sustainable tourism and comprehensive education programs to ensure the preservation of Borobudur Temple for future generations.