Economic and Residential Differences in Nutritional Anemia Among Pregnant Women: Insights from Indonesia’s National Health Insurance Data

Abstract

Anemia in pregnant women remains a significant public health issue, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of nutritional anemia among pregnant women and its association with economic and residential factors. A cross-sectional design was used, analyzing 3,512 samples from the Health Social Security Administering Agency (HSSA) dataset based on ICD-10 codes D50-D53. Multinomial logistic regression was applied for data analysis. Iron deficiency anemia (unspecified) was the most common type (29.2%), with cases peaking in 2019 (18.5%) and lowest in 2016 (8.4%). Most cases occurred among recipients of central government premium assistance (45.2%), with the highest provincial prevalence in Central Java (15.6%). Nutritional anemia among pregnant women in Indonesia is closely related to economic status and residential disparities. Expanding insurance coverage, improving access to supplementation, and enhancing nutrition education are crucial strategies to address this issue.