The Effects of Supporting Self-Efficacy on Sodium Levels, Blood Pressure Levels, and Health Behaviors in High-Risk Blood Pressure Groups, Thailand

Abstract

Hypertension remains a critical public health challenge globally and in Thailand. Elevated sodium intake is a major contributor to rising blood pressure, especially among individuals at high risk. Methods: A quasi-experimental study included participants aged 35–59 with blood pressure of 130–139/85–89 mmHg. The experimental group's health behaviors, blood pressure, dietary sodium intake, and urinary sodium were assessed after participating in a 12-week self-efficacy program. Urine sodium, blood pressure, and health behaviors were measured. Statistical analysis employed paired samples and independent t-tests.Results:The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements: urinary sodium levels dropped from 3480.0+1488.9 to 1845.9+955.1 mg/day, systolic pressure from 138.0+3.1 to 124.4+5.6 mmHg, and diastolic pressure from 87.7 + 1.7 to 77.7+3.0 mmHg. Health behavior scores increased markedly. The control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Self-efficacy-based interventions effectively reduce sodium intake and blood pressure while promoting healthier behaviors in at-risk populations.