Legal Policy of Carbon Trading and Threats to Indigenous Peoples' Sovereignty in Papua: A Critical Review

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of carbon trading policies in Indonesia, focusing on its impact on the sovereignty and rights of indigenous peoples in Papua. Through policy analysis, legislative reviews, and case studies, this study identifies gaps between the national legal framework and the realities on the ground. The results show that the implementation of carbon trading schemes, while potentially positive for the global environment, often ignores the rights of indigenous peoples to the land, forests, and natural resources that are an integral part of their cultural identity.  This study recommends policy reforms that prioritize the protection of indigenous peoples' rights, an agreement mechanism based on prior and non-coercive information (FPIC), and the development of a fair benefit-sharing model as a prerequisite for the sustainability of carbon trading programs in Papuan customary territories.