The Use of ICT: The Mediating Role of Attitudinal Beliefs, Subjective Norms, Behavioral Control and Behavioral Intentions among Saudi Elementary Teachers

Abstract

The present investigation explored behaviours towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among 239 primary teachers (59.4% male, 40.6% female) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling technique was used to choose the sample. Based on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) model, the study addressed a research gap investigating technology adoption in a centralised education system. The analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and the mediating effects of attitudes on the path between perceived ease of use towards ICT (β = 0.131, p = 0.003) and perceived usefulness of ICT (β = 0.386, p < 0.001) and behavioural intention towards ICT was statistically significant. Subjective norms mediated peer (β = 0.128, p < 0.001) and superior (β = 0.070, p = 0.001) influences on behavioural intention; however, student influence was not significant, contrary to a similar Western investigation. The results indicate that behavioural intention significantly predicts actual use (β = 0.305, p < 0.001). Contrary to DTPB theory, the results indicate that perceived behavioural control did not mediate any relationships. The model explained 26.1% of the variance in ICT use (R² = 0.261), lower than that identified in a related Western investigation. A notable distinction with differences identified in explanatory power (R²) and predictive relevance (Q²) indicated some theoretical constraints. The findings highlighted the compatibility assumptions associated with technology adoption in a centralised education system. The recommendations highlighted the importance of modifying teachers' attitudes and developing peer networks, rather than providing resources, to increase technology use within the Saudi educational system. Keywords: ICT usage, attitudinal beliefs, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, the DTPB model, Saudi primary education.