Collaborative Governance in Port Management in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Abstract

Given the necessity of distributed decision-making and robust coordination among diverse actors for effective maritime operations, collaborative governance has gained increasing prominence as a key strategy in port management, particularly for island nations like Indonesia. This literature review seeks to clarify the degree to which collaborative governance frameworks have been adopted in Indonesian ports, while simultaneously pinpointing the existing difficulties and potential advantages related to putting policies into practice. By thoroughly examining scholarly articles, government publications, and illustrative examples, this study investigates the theoretical foundations of collaborative governance, its specific application within Indonesia's port industry, and the ongoing shortcomings that prevent its complete and successful implementation. The review's findings indicate that although Indonesia has made headway in incorporating public-private partnerships and promoting the involvement of local stakeholders, persistent systemic obstacles—such as fragmented regulations, inherent disparities in power among stakeholders, and limitations in institutional capabilities at various levels—continue to impede the achievement of effective collaborative governance. Ultimately, this review proposes a set of evidence-based recommendations intended to enhance collaborative governance structures within Indonesia's port management system.