Criminal Protection Against Cybercrime: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Jordanian, Arab, and International Legislations

Abstract

Cybercrime presents a growing threat to legal frameworks across the globe, especially in digital-transitioning regions. This report critically examines Jordan’s legislative framework for addressing cybercrime, referring specifically to Cybercrime Laws No. 27 of 2015 and No. 17 of 2023. It compares Jordan’s framework with that of selected Arabian states—the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt—highlighting the major similarities and deviations between legislative scope, enforcement measures, and regulatory approach. The research also positions Jordanian law within the international framework of instruments such as the Budapest Convention and United Nations-driven initiatives. Notwithstanding legislative advances, the report identifies major gaps in cross-border enforcement, evidence procedures, legal flexibility, and digital rights protection. Building on these findings, the paper suggests a series of reform measures such as clearer legalterminology, the creation of a central cybersecurity agency, improved training for the judiciary, and expanded international cooperation. The findings emphasize the necessity of legislatures in the Arabian region striking a balance between security needs and core freedoms and assuring that their legal frameworks remain agile and attuned to change. This comparative approach contributes towards more systematic and rights-focused Arabian regional cybercrime policy development.